Document Object Model (DOM)

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No discussion of HTML, DHTML, Javascript or XML can avoid this 'powerful' topic ;-))

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Document Object Model (DOM) ... a platform- and language-neutral interface that will allow programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure and style of documents... The goal of the DOM specification is to define a programmatic interface for XML and HTML... The DOM presents documents as a hierarchy of Node objects that also implement other, more specialized interfaces...
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... and further on into the subject ...

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A look at one of the DOM type :- 1.1.5. The DOMString type
To ensure interoperability, the DOM specifies the DOMString type as follows: A DOMString is a sequence of 16-bit quantities. This may be expressed in IDL terms as:
typedef sequence<unsigned short> DOMString;

Applications must encode DOMString using UTF-16 (defined in Appendix C.3 of [UNICODE] and Amendment 1 of [ISO-10646]).The UTF-16 encoding was chosen because of its widespread industry practice. Please note that for both HTML and XML, the document character set (and therefore the notation of numeric character references) is based on UCS-4. A single numeric character reference in a source document may therefore in some cases correspond to two array positions in a DOMString (a high surrogate and a low surrogate).
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... shows unicode support.

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And more :-

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... The term "DOM Level 0" refers to a mix (not formally specified) of HTML document functionalities offered by Netscape Navigator version 3.0 and Microsoft Internet Explorer version 3.0...
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... gives some very clear historical perspective as to when these technologies began to emerge, grow, develop. At the last count, both IE and NS were into versions 6 something,. and DOM has moved on to level 3 ...

Follow up more on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, DHTML, XML, XHTML, ASP, ADO, VBScript and DOM with tutorials from W3Schools, Mozilla, php, libxml, or the 'millions' of other web references ;-))

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Some things you read strike cords. Here is one of mine ... from the core document ...
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• The Document Object Model does not define what information in a document is relevant or how information in a document is structured. For XML, this is specified by the XML Information Set [XML Information Set]. The DOM is simply an API to this information set.
• The Document Object Model, despite its name, is not a competitor to the Component Object Model [COM]. COM, like CORBA, is a language independent way to specify interfaces and objects; the DOM is a set of interfaces and objects designed for managing HTML and XML documents. The DOM may be implemented using language-independent systems like COM or CORBA; it may also be implemented using language-specific bindings like the Java or ECMAScript bindings specified in this document.

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just some nots seem to put it in a place ... for me ...